A型塞內(nèi)卡病毒（Senecavirus A，SVA）是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種影響?zhàn)B豬業(yè)的RNA病毒，現(xiàn)已在美洲的美國、加拿大、巴西、哥倫比亞以及亞洲的中國、泰國、越南等多個國家被發(fā)現(xiàn)。2015年SVA首次在我國廣東省發(fā)現(xiàn)后，已有15個省、自治區(qū)和直轄市報(bào)道檢測到該病毒，表明SVA已在我國不同地域廣泛分布。豬感染SVA后的臨床癥狀與口蹄疫、豬水泡病及水泡性口炎等類似，難以鑒別。SVA的實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷多采用病原學(xué)和血清學(xué)方法。對于該病目前仍無商品化疫苗可用，但已有研究出重組活疫苗候選株和油佐劑滅活候選疫苗的報(bào)道。SVA未來的流行態(tài)勢目前難以預(yù)測，因此需密切關(guān)注SVA在全球的流行現(xiàn)狀，并深入研究SVA的致病及免疫機(jī)理，同時盡快研發(fā)有效的疫苗和診斷試劑。通過病原學(xué)、臨床癥狀、流行狀況、診斷方法、疫苗研發(fā)等方面的綜述，本文為我國SVA防控提供了參考。
Research Progress on Senecavirus A
As an emerging RNA virus in pig industry，Senecavirus A（SVA）has been found in many countries，including the United States，Canada，Brazil，Columbia，China，Thailand，Vietnam，etc. In China，the virus has been reported by 15 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities since 2015 when it was firstly found in Guangdong，indicating a wide prevalence in different regions. It was difficult to identify the clinical symptoms of infected pigs that were similar to those of foot-and-mouth disease，swine vesicular disease and vesicular stomatitis，hence the methods of etiology and biology were widely used by SVA detection laboratories. No any corresponding commercial vaccines were available，but recombinant live vaccine candidate strains and oil-adjuvan inactivated candidate vaccines had been developed and reported. Considering current difficulty in prediction of the development of SVA，it was necessary to pay attention to its global prevalence，and to study its pathogenesis and immune mechanism so as to develop effective vaccines and diagnostic reagents soonest. In this paper，the etiology，clinical symptoms，epidemic status，diagnostic methods，vaccine research were discussed for the purpose of providing some references for the prevention and control of SVA in China.
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