科研動態(tài)

為探討不同接種途徑對楓葉鴨病毒性肝炎（DVH）抗體的影響，選擇非免疫種鴨所產的1日齡體質量均等的360只健康楓葉雛鴨（A組），平均分為4組（飲水組、滴口組、肌注組、對照組）；選擇免疫種鴨所產的360只雛鴨（B組），也平均分為4組（飲水組、滴口組、肌注組、母源抗體監(jiān)測組）。在雛鴨5日齡時，除對照組和母源抗體監(jiān)測組外，對其他組雛鴨進行免疫接種，分別于免疫后5、10、15 d，用ELISA方法檢測雛鴨抗體效價，并進行攻毒保護試驗。結果顯示：A組的肌注組平均抗體效價（0.588±0.018）>飲水組（0.560±0.015）>滴口組（0.541±0.009），雛鴨攻毒保護率依次為91.1%、85.6%、78.9%；B組的肌注組平均抗體效價（0.513±0.021）>飲水組（0.484±0.051）>滴口組（0.466±0.014），攻毒保護率依次為72.2%、66.7%、60.0%，均低于A組。結果表明：無論有無母源抗體干擾，肌內注射的免疫效果最好，其次是滴口，飲水的免疫效果較差；母源抗體可干擾疫苗的免疫效果。因此，需根據使用疫苗種類和實際情況，選擇最合適、最有效的免疫途徑，同時做好母源抗體監(jiān)測，選擇最佳免疫時間。本研究為鴨場免疫途徑的選擇提供了參考。

Effect of Different Vaccination Methods on

the Antibodies against Viral Hepatitis in Maple Duck 

In order to study the effect of different vaccination methods on the antibodies against viral hepatitis（DVH）in maple ducks，360 one-day-old healthy maple ducklings with equal weight（group A）born by unvaccinated ducks were divided into four groups on average：drinking water，oral drop，intramuscular injection and control group；360 ducklings born by vaccinated ducks（group B）were also equally divided into four groups on average：drinking water，oral drop，intramuscular injection and maternal antibody monitoring. Except the control group and maternal antibody monitoring group，all the ducklings were vaccinated when they were five days old，their antibody titers were detected by ELISA method at 5，10 and 15 days after vaccination，and the virus challenge test was carried out. The results showed that，for group A，the average antibody titers were as follows：the intramuscular injection group（0.588±0.018）>drinking water group（0.560±0.015）>oral drop group（0.541±0.009），and the protection rates were 91.1%，85.6% and 78.9% respectively；for group B，the average antibody titers were as follows：the intramuscular injection group（0.513±0.021）>drinking water group（0.484±0.051）>oral drop group（0.466±0.014），and the protection rates were 72.2%，66.7% and 60% respectively，all of which was lower than that of group A. In conclusion，the intramuscular injection received the best effect no matter whether there was maternal antibody interference or not，followed by oral drop，and the effect of drinking water was the poorest；The vaccine effect might be interfered by maternal antibody. Therefore，it was necessary to select the most appropriate and effective method according to the type of vaccines used and actual status，meanwhile，the maternal antibody should be monitored to select an appropriate vaccination time. This study would provide some reference for selection of vaccination method in duck farms.

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