科研動態(tài)

2020年2月，我國香港報道了新冠肺炎（COVID-19）患者家養(yǎng)的寵物犬感染了新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2），這引起了人們對犬冠狀病毒的關注。為有助于人們?nèi)媪私馊跔畈《?，做好犬冠狀病毒病防治，本文從病原學與流行病學、臨床癥狀以及診斷和防治措施等方面進行了綜述。犬冠狀病毒在犬群中廣泛存在，主要包括α冠狀病毒屬的犬腸炎冠狀病毒和β冠狀病毒屬的犬呼吸道冠狀病毒。犬冠狀病毒致病性不強，引起的臨床癥狀通常較輕，但對幼犬或與犬細小病毒、犬瘟熱病毒等發(fā)生混合感染時，會引起較嚴重癥狀，且易發(fā)生突變，產(chǎn)生新的變異毒株，具有致病性增強的風險。目前，犬冠狀病毒檢測方法主要包括病原學檢測、血清學檢測以及RT-PCR、qRT-PCR、納米PCR等分子生物學檢測。犬冠狀病毒感染的防治主要通過疫苗免疫以及科學飼養(yǎng)管理、衛(wèi)生消毒和對癥治療等綜合措施。雖然犬可感染SARS-CoV-2，但尚不清楚感染犬是否可將病毒再傳染給其他動物或人類。因此，應加強犬冠狀病毒的病原生態(tài)學研究和監(jiān)測預警。

Research Progress on Canine Coronavirus

In February 2020，it was reported in Hongkong，China，that a pet dog kept by a patient confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）was infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2），which caused the concern about canine coronavirus. In order to fully understand the study on canine coronavirus，prevent and control the disease，the etiology and epidemiology，clinical symptoms，measures of diagnosis and control were summarized in the paper. The canine coronavirus was widely distributed in dog populations，mainly including canine enteritis coronavirus of Alphacoronavirus and canine respiratory coronavirus of Betacoronavirus. The canine coronavirus was with poor pathogenicity，which could cause slightly clinical symptoms，but would be more serious and likely to mutate to new mutant strains when mixed infection of it with canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus occurred，with the risk of increasing pathogenicity. At present，the detection methods for canine coronavirus were mainly including pathogen detection，serological detection，and molecular biological detection methods such as RT-PCR，qRT-PCR and Nano PCR. Canine coronavirus could be controlled by a series of comprehensive measures including vaccination，scientific feeding and management，disinfection and symptomatic treatment，etc. It was still unclear whether the virus could be spread to other animals or human via the infected dogs，although dogs could be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore，it was necessary to strengthen study on pathogenic ecology as well as monitoring and early warning against the virus.

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