為了解安徽省規(guī)模雞場新城疫病毒感染情況及其引發(fā)該病的風(fēng)險因素，結(jié)合2019年秋季集中監(jiān)測采樣工作，對6個地市存欄3 000~10 000只的規(guī)模雞場開展橫斷面研究。采用兩階段隨機(jī)抽樣，在6個地市范圍內(nèi)，隨機(jī)抽取153個規(guī)模雞場，采集5 369份咽喉/泄殖腔拭子采用熒光PCR進(jìn)行病原學(xué)檢測，同時進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查，分析相關(guān)風(fēng)險因素。結(jié)果顯示，6個地市153個規(guī)模雞場的場表觀流行率和場真實(shí)流行率分別為11.1%和11.7%。單因素分析顯示：“1個月只清理1次糞便”和“場內(nèi)共用器具、車輛”是潛在風(fēng)險因素，有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）；車輛和人員進(jìn)出場消毒、凈道和污道分開、空舍消毒以及消毒前清洗場內(nèi)可以降低感染風(fēng)險。Logistic回歸分析顯示，“凈道、污道不分開”和“車輛、人員進(jìn)出不消毒”是風(fēng)險因素。結(jié)果表明，安徽省部分雞場仍存在新城疫病毒感染，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)雞場生物安全管理，合理規(guī)劃養(yǎng)殖場布局，場區(qū)入口要建造消毒池，場內(nèi)凈道和污道要分開，車輛和人員進(jìn)出場時要嚴(yán)格消毒，場內(nèi)要制定詳細(xì)的消毒計劃，切實(shí)改善養(yǎng)殖場環(huán)境。
Estimation of Newcastle Disease Prevalence in Scale Farms in 6 Cities of Anhui Province and Analysis on Relevant Risk Factors
In order to identify the infection status of Newcastle disease virus（NDV）and risk factors leading to the disease in Anhui Province，an cross-sectional study was carried out in the scale farms with an inventory of 3 000 to 10 000 chickens in six cities in combination with centralized surveillance and sampling in the fall of 2019. A total of 5 369 throat/cloacal swabs were randomly collected from 153 farms by two-stage sampling method. Meanwhile，a questionnaire investigation was conducted to analyze relevant risk factors. The results showed that the apparent prevalence and true prevalence were 11.1% and 11.7% respectively at the farm level. It was shown that，by monofactor analysis，the potential risk factors included“only cleaning feces once a month，sharing equipment and vehicles within the farms”，which was of statistical significance（P＜0.05）；and the risk of infection could be reduced by disinfecting vehicles and personnel when they were entering or leaving farms，separating clean channels from the dirty ones，disinfecting empty pens and cleaning the premises prior to disinfecting. It was shown by Logistic regression analysis that，the risk factors included“failure to separate clean and dirty channels and to disinfect vehicles and personnel in or out of farms”. As a conclusion，NDV was still prevalent in some farms in Anhui Province，and some suggestions were put forward，such as strengthening bio-security management in the farms，reasonably designing their layout，building a disinfection pool at the entrance，separating clean channels from the dirty ones，strictly disinfecting vehicles and personnel when they were entering or leaving farms，and developing detailed disinfection plan to practically improve the environment of the farms.
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