科研動態(tài)

豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征（PRRS）給世界養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)造成了巨大經(jīng)濟損失。對PRRS的精準檢測以及疫苗的科學(xué)使用是臨床PRRS防控的重中之重。為此，本文綜述了PRRS檢測技術(shù)和疫苗研發(fā)進展，以期為臨床PRRS綜合防控提供依據(jù)。目前臨床上檢測PRRS的主要技術(shù)包括血清抗體ELISA檢測以及各種類型的RT-PCR檢測技術(shù)。ELISA檢測以評價疫苗免疫效果或野毒感染情況為主要目的，RT-PCR檢測以臨床診斷及調(diào)查野毒株類型為主要目的。在疫苗方面，目前市場上主要有活疫苗、滅活苗、亞單位疫苗、DNA疫苗以及載體疫苗等不同類型的單苗以及聯(lián)苗。其中：活疫苗保護效果較好，但交叉保護不強；滅活苗安全性較高，但免疫效力較差；亞單位疫苗可用于妊娠晚期；DNA疫苗可增強活疫苗的保護效果；載體疫苗雖具有部分保護力，但未進行實際應(yīng)用。目前依舊沒有完全符合國際新一代標準的PRRS疫苗上市。因此，通過科學(xué)檢測以及將生物安全和合理的疫苗接種結(jié)合起來，進行田間毒株的檢測和基因分析，進而選擇相應(yīng)基因型毒株疫苗進行免疫，對控制農(nóng)場以及地區(qū)的PRRS具有非常重要的作用。

Research Progress of the Diagnostic Techniques and Vaccines for PRRS

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome（PRRS）has brought huge economic losses to pig production in the world，which should be prevented and controlled with the top priority of accurate detection and scientific application of vaccines. At present，the main techniques to diagnose PRRS included serum antibody ELISA assay and various RT-PCR assays. The former aims to evaluate the immune effect of vaccines or wild virus infection，while the latter focuses on clinical diagnosis and investigation of wild virus strains. For vaccines，all kinds of single and combined vaccines are available in markets，including live vaccines，inactivated vaccines，subunit vaccines，DNA vaccines，vector vaccines，etc.，specifically，live vaccines are with good effect but poor cross protective immunity；inactivated vaccines are with high safety but poor immune effect；subunit vaccines can be used in late pregnancy；DNA vaccines can increase the protection effect of live vaccines；and vector vaccines have not been applied in practice although they are with partial protective immunity. No any vaccines against PRRS that fully meet the new international standards have been available till now. Therefore，it will be very crucial to control PRRS in farms or regions through scientific diagnosis and combination of bio-safety and reasonable vaccination to detect field strains and analyze their genes，and then to vaccinate with corresponding vaccines.

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