科研動態(tài)

單分子免疫陣列（single molecule array，Simoa）技術(shù)，又稱“數(shù)字ELISA”，是近年來新開發(fā)的一種數(shù)字免疫分析方法，將單分子計(jì)數(shù)用于蛋白質(zhì)生物標(biāo)記物的檢測。該方法可測量各種不同基質(zhì)（血清、血漿、腦脊液、尿液、細(xì)胞提取物等）中的蛋白質(zhì)，檢測限可達(dá)飛摩爾（fg/mL）數(shù)量級，靈敏度較傳統(tǒng)ELISA提高約1 000倍。目前，該技術(shù)在一些重大傳染病，如新冠肺炎、結(jié)核病、艾滋病、朊病毒病診斷中的優(yōu)勢逐漸凸顯。Simoa技術(shù)可幫助監(jiān)測新冠病毒感染進(jìn)程，有望實(shí)現(xiàn)早期高靈敏度診斷，以區(qū)分新冠肺炎輕癥和重癥患者；有望幫助診斷活動性結(jié)核病，并可以監(jiān)測結(jié)核病治療效果；可更準(zhǔn)確檢測人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）免疫相關(guān)蛋白含量變化，提高早期診斷的靈敏性；可在羊瘙癢病臨床癥狀出現(xiàn)前檢測活體動物血清，提高癢病早期檢測能力，從而有望用于人類克雅氏癥診斷。未來，通過開發(fā)相關(guān)病種的檢測試劑盒，有望利用Simoa技術(shù)提高疫病的綜合診斷能力，還可進(jìn)行疫苗免疫效果評價(jià)，為疫病防控提供依據(jù)。

Application of Single Molecule Array in Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Single molecule array（Simoa），also known as“digital ELISA”，was a new digital immunoassay technology developed in recent years，which was generally used to detect protein biomarkers via single molecule counting. The technology could be applied to measure proteins in various specimens，such as serum，plasma，cerebrospinal fluid，urine，cell extracts，etc.，with a limit of detection as low as femtomolar（fg/mL），and an approximately 1000-fold sensitivity compared to traditional ELISA. Currently，the technology was promisingly applied in diagnosis of some major infectious diseases including COVID-19，tuberculosis，AIDS and prion virus. As the process of COVID-19 infection could be monitored with the help of the technology，it was expected that，by the technology，such infection could be early diagnosed with high sensitivity so as to distinguish patients with severe or mild symptoms，so was the active tuberculosis，and relevant therapeutic effect could be monitored；any changes of relevant immunogenic protein content related to human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）could be accurately detected to improve the sensitivity of early diagnosis；serums of live animals could be detected prior to any clinical symptoms of scrapie to improve early detection capacity and then it was expected to be used in the diagnosis of human Creutzfeldt Jakob disease in the future. It was also expected that，through development of kits for corresponding diseases，the technology could be used to improve comprehensive diagnosis capacity，and evaluate the effect of vaccination to provide a basis for disease prevention and control.

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